Improvement in stone pavements



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

THOMAS io. OWENS, OE PITTSEUEG, PENNSYLVANIA.

IMPROVEMENT IN STONE'PAVEMENTS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 143,587, dated October14, 1873 application filed September 9, 1873. i'

To all whom it may concern:

, VBe it known that I, THOMAS D. OWENS, of Pittsburg, in the county ofAllegheny and State'of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and ImprovedPavement 5 and Ido hereby dei clare the following to be a full, clear,and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawing, forming a part of this specication, which represents aSectional view of my pavement.

My improved pavement is made in the following way: First, anexcavationfof suitable depth is made, in which I iill a layer of brokenstone of any desired depth., and upon this place a layer of fine Sand.Set in and upon v the sand' I build a stone pavement similar to a drywall of ordinary construction, the stones of which are` held together bya lime cement of ordinary composition. The first layernamely, the brokenStone-forms a dry bed,

on which the pavement proper is placed. It

cavation, I roll the bottom a with an ordinary roller of suitableweight, for the purpose of eompacting and hardening it; then upon thisbed I place a layer, b, of broken stone of any suitable description,which is in depth from six to twelve inches. This layer is also rolled.Upon the layer b I place a layer, c, of fine Sand, varying from three toSix inches in depth. On

the layer c I place a layer, d, of stone-work. This layer I make in thesame way as a dry wall. It is formed of thin flat Stone set upon edge,and, after it is completed, I lill the interstices with a cement whichis composed of the following ingredients: One part of cement, one partof slaked lime, and six parts of sand or ashes. After putting thiscement in the interstices and on the Surface of the upper layer d, it isrendered smooth and even by pounding in the ordinary way. This operationcauses the lower edges of the stones which form the layer d to be driveninto the layer c and embedded there. The layer c in time becomessolidified by the lime from the cement between the stones composing thelayer d working down into and uniting with it. The layer b operates as adrain to carry off the water from the surrounding earth. The pieces e erepresent the curbs.

The pavement thus formed unites in its structure all the elements whichare necessary for its preservation, is cheap in construction, and in ashort time becomes extremely solid.

It is composed of materials of the most durable and indestructiblenature.

That I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

The within-described pavement, composed of a bottom layer of brokenstone, an intermediate layer of iine sand, and a top layer ofstone-work, the interstices of which are filled with a suitable cementor bond.

In testimony whereof I, the said THOMAS D. OWENS, have hereunto set myhand.

THOMAS D. OWENS.

fitnesscsz SAMPSON BROOKES, T. B. KEER.

